Custodes Futurifor the advancement of humanity

News, encyclopedia, and institutional web pages

266 sources. Encyclopedia entries, institutional pages, and news sources, mostly for the pioneer cases. Open a subgroup to see its sources.

Sources

Biological (24)
  1. Wilson, C. (2024, April 1). Oregon governor signs bill criminalizing drug possession. Oregon Public Broadcasting. link B Moderate
  2. McCook, A. (2024, December 4). An artificial womb for preemies? Philly company gets $50 million to pursue. The Philadelphia Inquirer. link B Moderate
  3. Bouscaren, D. (2026, August 31). Whatever happened to the U.S. famine alert system that Trump shut down, then reopened. NPR, via KPBS. link B Moderate
  4. Pulta, B. (2024, April 23). CA issues Writ of Kalikasan vs. Golden Rice, Bt Eggplant. Philippine News Agency. link B Moderate
  5. Rohrer, G. (2026, March 24). Appeals court upholds Florida's ban on lab-grown meat. News Service of Florida, via WLRN. link B Moderate
  6. Sachs, A. J., & Johnson, E. A. (2024, May 7). Florida bans "cultivated" meat: First in a potential series of similar bans. Beveridge & Diamond. link B Moderate
  7. Hart, H., & Caddy, P. (2026, May 7). Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026 becomes law. Lewis Silkin. link B Moderate
  8. Judd, A. (2025, February 19). B.C. overhauls safe supply program, moving to witnessed model. Global News. link B Moderate
  9. Pagliarulo, N. (2023, December 8). Pricey new gene therapies for sickle cell pose access test. BioPharma Dive. link B Moderate
  10. Office of Governor Ned Lamont. (2024, January 17). Governor Lamont and Treasurer Russell announce 7,810 babies have been born eligible for Connecticut Baby Bonds [Press release]. link B Moderate
  11. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2023a, August 21). FDA approves first vaccine for pregnant individuals to prevent RSV in infants [Press release]. link B Moderate
  12. World Health Organization. (2025, May 30). WHO outlines recommendations to protect infants against RSV [News release]. link B Moderate
  13. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2025, July 15). Innovation insight: CMS model delivers access to sickle cell gene therapy with expansive list of state participants. link B Moderate
  14. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2026). Cell and Gene Therapy (CGT) Access Model [Model page, last modified September 30, 2026]. link B Moderate
  15. Genomics England. (2024, October 3). First newborn babies tested for over 200 genetic conditions as world-leading study begins in NHS hospitals. link B Moderate
  16. Philippine Rice Research Institute. (2024, November 5). PhilRice seeks reconsideration of CA ruling on Malusog Rice. link B Moderate
  17. Eli Lilly and Company. (2026, April 1). FDA approves Lilly's Foundayo (orforglipron), the only GLP-1 pill for weight loss that can be taken any time of day without food or water restrictions [Press release]. link B Moderate
  18. Pear Therapeutics. (2020, March 26). Pear Therapeutics obtains FDA authorization for SOMRYST, a prescription digital therapeutic for the treatment of adults with chronic insomnia [Press release]. Business Wire. link B Moderate
  19. Pear Therapeutics. (2023, April 7). Pear Therapeutics files for chapter 11 and will seek to sell assets through sales process (Form 8-K exhibit). US Securities and Exchange Commission. link B Moderate
  20. 1News Reporters. (2024, February 27). Smokefree laws: Govt to repeal legislation under urgency. 1News. link B Moderate
  21. 22nd Century Group. (2026, September 24). 22nd Century Group urges policymakers and FDA to enact and implement the reduced nicotine content standard, citing years without a final rule [Press release]. Finviz. link B Moderate
  22. Action on Smoking and Health. (2026, April 29). APPG on Smoking and Health welcomes historic generational smoking ban becoming law [Press release]. link B Moderate
  23. New Zealand Parliament. (2024). Smokefree Environments and Regulated Products Amendment Act 2024 (2024 No 6). New Zealand Legislation. link B Moderate
  24. Bhatt, S. (2026, April 9, updated April 13). One goal, 50 brands: Inside the scramble for India's post-patent semaglutide market. Outlook Business. link C Limited
Psychological (29)
  1. Acland, D., & Levy, M. R. (2015). Naiveté, projection bias, and habit formation in gym attendance. Management Science, 61(1), 146-160. DOI B Moderate: for overprediction
  2. Pokorny, Z. (2025, March 17). The state of onchain futarchy. Galaxy Research. link B Moderate
  3. Kinni, T. (2021, May 19). How noisy is your company? strategy+business. link C Limited
  4. Romboldi, I., & Quandt, R. (2026). What happens after sunset? Regulation, Fall 2026. Cato Institute. link C Limited
  5. Keshavan, M. (2024, August 11). Three MDMA therapy papers retracted over ethics violations. STAT. link B Moderate
  6. Walter, K., & McKenzie, H. (2024, August 9). FDA rejects Lykos' MDMA-assisted PTSD therapy after negative adcomm. BioSpace. link B Moderate
  7. De Witte, M. (2023, May 4). Improving student success through social belonging. Stanford News. link B Moderate
  8. Fried, C. (2026, July 15). Reducing partisan hostility can be surprisingly simple. UCLA Anderson Review. link B Moderate
  9. Cohen, A. (2023, March 22). Assessment of Happier Lives Institute's cost-effectiveness analysis of StrongMinds [Online forum post, GiveWell analysis, title wording not confirmed]. Effective Altruism Forum. link B Moderate
  10. ElectionGuide. (n.d.). [Results page for the Ireland referendum of May 25, 2018]. International Foundation for Electoral Systems. link B Moderate
  11. Perry World House. (n.d.). How spooks are turning to superforecasting in the Cosmic Bazaar [Summary of an article in The Economist, April 14, 2021]. University of Pennsylvania. link B Moderate
  12. Audit Wales. (2025, April 29). Ten years on, the Well-being of Future Generations Act has increased prominence but is not driving the system-wide change that was intended [News release]. link B Moderate
  13. Foundation for Democracy and Sustainable Development. (2017, June 25). Knesset Commission for Future Generations. link B Moderate
  14. Future Generations Commissioner for Wales. (n.d.). Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015. link B Moderate
  15. Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa. (2008, March 28). FirstRand Bank v National Lotteries Board [Media summary]. link B Moderate
  16. Finnish Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. (2020, May 6). Results of the basic income experiment: Small employment effects, better perceived economic security and mental wellbeing [Press release]. link B Moderate
  17. Compass Pathways. (2026, February 17). Compass Pathways successfully achieves primary endpoint in second phase 3 trial evaluating COMP360 psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression [Press release]. Business Wire. link B Moderate
  18. Dartmouth Technology Transfer Office. (2025, March 27). First therapy chatbot trial yields mental health benefits. Dartmouth College. link B Moderate
  19. eSafety Commissioner. (2026). Early insights from eSafety's comprehensive evaluation project [Media release]. Australian Government. link B Moderate
  20. Federal Register of Legislation. (2024). Online Safety Amendment (Social Media Minimum Age) Act 2024 (No. 127, 2024). Australian Government. link B Moderate
  21. Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation. (2025, August 4). Gov Pritzker signs legislation prohibiting AI therapy in Illinois [Press release]. link B Moderate
  22. Prime Minister of Australia. (2026, January 16). 4.7 million accounts deactivated, removed or restricted [Media release]. link B Moderate
  23. Psychiatric News. (2023, August 28). First oral postpartum depression medication receives FDA approval. Psychiatric News. link B Moderate
  24. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2019, March 5). FDA approves new nasal spray medication for treatment-resistant depression, available only at a certified doctor's office or clinic [News release, republished by BioSpace]. link B Moderate
  25. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2022). 510(k) premarket notification K220177: Magnus Neuromodulation System (MNS) with SAINT Technology (decision date September 1, 2022). link B Moderate
  26. Associated Press. (2025, January 7). Meta says it will follow X, replace fact-checking with community notes. PBS News. link B Moderate
  27. Retraction Watch. (2026, June 11). Science flags paper that found AI chatbots help debunk conspiracy theories. link B Moderate
  28. Texas Sunset Advisory Commission. (n.d.). Impact of Sunset reviews. link C Limited
  29. Commonwealth. (n.d.). Save to Win. link C Limited
Economic (13)
  1. Kivimäki, M., Virtanen, M., Nyberg, S. T., & Batty, G. D. (2020). The WHO/ILO report on long working hours and ischaemic heart disease: conclusions are not supported by the evidence. Environment International, 144, 106048. DOI B Moderate
  2. Corak, M. (2013). The Great Gatsby Curve: inequality and the end of upward mobility in America. PBS NewsHour
  3. Harty, D. (2021, August 26). Silicon Valley's Long-Term Stock Exchange finally lists its first companies: Twilio and Asana. Fortune. link B Moderate
  4. Collison, P., Cowen, T., & Hsu, P. (2021, June 15). What we learned doing Fast Grants. Future. link C Limited
  5. Internal Revenue Service. (2026, March 31). 4 million children have been signed up for Trump Accounts, with 1 million claiming the $1,000 pilot program contribution (IR-2026-42). link B Moderate
  6. LCP. (2025, October 31). Budget 2026 : la taxe Zucman rejetée par l'Assemblée nationale. La Chaîne parlementaire. link B Moderate
  7. Legifiscal. (2025). Rejet de la taxe Zucman par le Sénat. link B Moderate
  8. MIT Economics. (2023). Study: Preschool gives a big boost to college attendance. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. link B Moderate
  9. The Local Austria. (2025, April 3). Explained: How Austria's revamped educational leave programme works. link B Moderate
  10. CNBC. (2023, May 9). ThredUp to list on alternative stock exchange LTSE. link B Moderate
  11. ARPA-H. (n.d.). Our story: Timeline. Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health. link B Moderate
  12. MIT Economics. (2025, May 16). Assuring an accurate research record. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. link B Moderate
  13. UK Parliament. (2022). Advanced Research and Invention Agency Act 2022 (c. 4). link B Moderate
Societal (19)
  1. Taffe, M. A., & Gilpin, N. W. (2021). Racial inequity in grant funding from the US National Institutes of Health. eLife, 10, e65697 B Moderate
  2. Jussim, L. Reversal: science faculty's "subtle" gender biases against men. Unsafe Science (author's blog) B Moderate: provisional, pending publication
  3. Fishback, P., Rose, J., Snowden, K. A., & Storrs, T. (2022). New evidence on redlining by federal housing programs in the 1930s. Journal of Urban Economics, 103462. DOI (working paper version: NBER Working Paper 29244) B Moderate
  4. Neumark, D. (2012). Detecting discrimination in audit and correspondence studies. Journal of Human Resources, 47(4), 1128-1157. JHR B Moderate
  5. Neumark, D., & Rich, J. (2016). Do field experiments on labor and housing markets overstate discrimination? NBER Working Paper 22278 B Moderate
  6. Carlsson, M., Fumarco, L., & Rooth, D.-O. (2014). Does the design of correspondence studies influence the measurement of discrimination? IZA Journal of Migration, 3, 11. DOI (a replication of the Neumark method, first circulated as IZA Discussion Paper 7619) B Moderate
  7. Greenwald, A. G., Banaji, M. R., & Nosek, B. A. (2015). Statistically small effects of the Implicit Association Test can have societally large effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108(4), 553-561 B Moderate
  8. Oswald, F. L., Mitchell, G., Blanton, H., Jaccard, J., & Tetlock, P. E. (2013). Predicting ethnic and racial discrimination: a meta-analysis of IAT criterion studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105(2), 171-192. DOI B Moderate
  9. Redding, C. (2019). A teacher like me: a review of the effect of student-teacher racial/ethnic matching on teacher perceptions of students and student academic and behavioral outcomes. Review of Educational Research, 89(4), 499-535. DOI B Moderate
  10. Abbott, J. (2019, September 3). Guatemala's CICIG: UN-backed anti-corruption body shuts its doors. Al Jazeera. link B Moderate
  11. Escalante, L. (2024, September 28). Honduran government praises repeal of the ZEDE law as investors denounce "lies" and "abuse." Contra Corriente. link B Moderate
  12. Martinez, J. (2026, September 19). [Article on Próspera ZEDE and Honduran sovereignty, title not confirmed]. The Rio Times. link B Moderate
  13. Kuhn, D. (2025, April 25). Ethereum public goods funding protocol Gitcoin winding down its software division. The Block. link B Moderate
  14. European Commission. (n.d.). Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism. Taxation and Customs Union. link B Moderate
  15. United Nations. (2023, June 30). Security Council terminates mandate of United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali, unanimously adopting Resolution 2690 (2023) (Press release SC/15341). link B Moderate
  16. World Bank. (2024, March 4). New data show massive, wider-than-expected global gender gap [Press release]. link B Moderate
  17. UK Government. (2025, February 14). Tackling AI security risks to unleash growth and deliver Plan for Change [News story]. link B Moderate
  18. World Health Organization. (2025, May 20). World Health Assembly adopts historic Pandemic Agreement to make the world more equitable and safer from future pandemics [News release]. link B Moderate
  19. CEPI. (n.d.). CEPI 2.0 and the 100 Days Mission [Web page, title inferred from address]. Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations. link C Limited
Cultural (6)
  1. Treviño, L. J., Egri, C. P., Ralston, D. A., Naoumova, I., et al. (2021). A multi-country, multi-sector replication challenge to the validity of the cultural tightness-looseness measure. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 38(2), 735-764. DOI B Moderate
  2. Venaik, S., Midgley, D. F., & Christopoulos, D. (2021). Do within-subject standardized indices of societal culture distort reality? An illustration with the national Tightness culture scale. Journal of World Business, 56(5), 101242. DOI B Moderate
  3. Kasser, T., Rosenblum, K. L., Sameroff, A. J., Deci, E. L., Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., et al. (2014). Changes in materialism, changes in psychological well-being: evidence from three longitudinal studies and an intervention experiment. Motivation and Emotion, 38(1), 1-22. DOI B Moderate
  4. PsyPost (2023). Does materialism really lead to lower life satisfaction? Surprising new study suggests otherwise C Limited: cited through a news report
  5. GNH Centre Bhutan. (n.d.). GNH screening tool. link B Moderate
  6. New Zealand Treasury. (n.d.). Wellbeing report. link B Moderate
Social (9)
  1. Riger, S., & Staggs, S. (2004). Impact of intimate partner violence on women's labor force participation: final report (NCJ 207143). National Institute of Justice C Limited
  2. EAFIT. Intimate partner violence and women's employment: evidence from Colombia (seminar abstract, presenter not named, page no longer online as of October 2026) C Limited
  3. Mayraz, G., Wagner, G. G., & Schupp, J. (2009). Life satisfaction and relative income: perceptions and evidence. CEP Discussion Paper 938, Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics. LSE Research Online C Limited: not peer reviewed
  4. Padilla, S. (2025, October 13). First-in-nation AI chatbot safeguards signed into law [Press release]. California State Senate. link B Moderate
  5. Berndt, S., & Holzer, H. (2023, December). The State Department Dissent Channel: History and impact. The Foreign Service Journal. American Foreign Service Association. link C Limited
  6. Associated Press. (2026, January). Google and chatbot maker Character to settle lawsuit alleging chatbot pushed teen to suicide. WTOP. link B Moderate
  7. UK Government. (2018, January 17). PM commits to government-wide drive to tackle loneliness [Press release]. link B Moderate
  8. European Union. (2023). Directive (EU) 2023/970 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 May 2023 to strengthen the application of the principle of equal pay for equal work or work of equal value between men and women through pay transparency and enforcement mechanisms. Official Journal of the European Union. link B Moderate
  9. Meta. (2021, May 26). Giving people more control on Instagram and Facebook. link C Limited
Environmental (18)
  1. Gertler, A. (2026, February 10). How LEEP is eliminating lead paint, one country at a time. Coefficient Giving. link C Limited
  2. Temple, J. (2024, March 18). Harvard halts its long-planned atmospheric geoengineering experiment. MIT Technology Review. link B Moderate
  3. Furlong, J., Fevyer, D., Armstrong, B., Edwards, P., Aldred, R., & Goodman, A. (2025). Low Traffic Neighbourhoods in London reduce road traffic injuries: A controlled before-and-after analysis (2012-2024). Injury Prevention. Advance online publication. link B Moderate
  4. Liang, L., Staveski, A., & Horowitz, A. (2024, January 4). Minneapolis land use reforms offer a blueprint for housing affordability. Pew. link C Limited
  5. Associated Press. (2026, February). Trump administration to stand by tough Biden-era mandates to replace lead pipes. WTOP News. link B Moderate
  6. City of Alameda. (2024, May 4). City responds to questions about a University of Washington cloud brightening experiment on the U.S.S. Hornet. link B Moderate
  7. Target Malaria. (2025, August 22). Target Malaria activities suspended in Burkina Faso. link B Moderate
  8. World Health Organization. (2023, March 14). WHO publishes recommendations on two new types of insecticide-treated nets. link B Moderate
  9. Ghana News Agency. (2026, July 30). Health Minister assures Parliament of plans to settle Zipline debts. link B Moderate
  10. European Investment Bank. (n.d.). Chad-Cameroon oil pipeline [Topical brief]. link B Moderate
  11. Executive Office of the President. (2017, February 14). Remarks on signing H.J. Res. 41, disapproving the Securities and Exchange Commission rule on disclosure of payments by resource extraction issuers (Daily Compilation of Presidential Documents, DCPD-201700120). link B Moderate
  12. International Monetary Fund. (2025, July 2). IMF staff complete 2025 Article IV mission to Timor-Leste (Press Release No. 25/232). link B Moderate
  13. Reuters. (2008, September 10). [World Bank ends Chad-Cameroon pipeline revenue arrangement after Chad prepays loan]. Sudan Tribune. link B Moderate
  14. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (2020, December 16). [Press release 2020-318 on final rules for disclosure of payments by resource extraction issuers]. link B Moderate
  15. Yeung, Y., & Howes, S. (2015b, October). Resources to cash: A cautionary tale from Mongolia. Devpolicy Blog. link B Moderate
  16. IUCN. (2024, October 28). World must act faster to protect 30% of planet: Protected and conserved areas need [Press release on the Protected Planet Report 2024]. link B Moderate
  17. Pew. (2023, May 9). Pew Bertarelli Ocean Legacy applauds plan to preserve the Galápagos Islands [Press release]. link B Moderate
  18. Fresh Economic Thinking. (n.d.). The Auckland myth: There is no evidence that upzoning increased housing construction. link C Limited
Educational (6)
  1. Marquez-Padilla, F., Parker, S. W., & Vogl, T. (2025b, April 29). Rolling back Progresa: What happened when Mexico's landmark cash transfer programme ended. VoxDev. link B Moderate
  2. Schwartz, S. (2025, November 18). Why hasn't tutoring been more effective? Education Week. link B Moderate
  3. Whittaker, F. (2020, August 13). A-level results 2020: Top grades up by 2.4 percentage points. Schools Week. link B Moderate
  4. Schmill, S. (2022, March 28). We are reinstating our SAT/ACT requirement for future admissions cycles. MIT Admissions. link B Moderate
  5. International Finance Corporation. (2024, March 14). IFC Board approves action plan in response to CAO investigation [Press release]. link B Moderate
  6. Ofqual. (2020, August 17). Statement from Roger Taylor, Chair, Ofqual. GOV.UK. link B Moderate
Technological (13)
  1. Ghoshal, A. (2016, February 8). Facebook's Free Basics blocked by India over net neutrality rules. The Next Web. link B Moderate
  2. Hardesty, L. (2026, August 25). NTIA signs off on Illinois BEAD final proposal, the last of 56 proposals. Fierce Network. link B Moderate
  3. Benton Institute for Broadband & Society. (2026, June 30). NTIA Administrator Arielle Roth provides Congress an update on BEAD. link B Moderate
  4. Federal Communications Commission. (2024, May 31). FCC to end Affordable Connectivity Program [Press release]. link B Moderate
  5. National Telecommunications and Information Administration. (n.d.). Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) program. BroadbandUSA. link B Moderate
  6. Via Satellite. (2021, January 22). Alphabet shutters Loon venture. Via Satellite. link B Moderate
  7. World Bank. (2025, September 24). 17 countries commit to concrete plans to scale up electricity access as Mission 300 expands [Press release]. link B Moderate
  8. Xinhua. (2026, June 27). Over 50 mln Africans connected to electricity under continental power access program. The Star. link B Moderate
  9. European Commission. (n.d.). Enforcement of the Digital Services Act. Shaping Europe's Digital Future. link B Moderate
  10. European Parliament and Council of the European Union. (2022). Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of 19 October 2022 on a Single Market for Digital Services and amending Directive 2000/31/EC (Digital Services Act). Official Journal of the European Union. link B Moderate
  11. Information Commissioner's Office. (n.d.). Age appropriate design: A code of practice for online services. link B Moderate
  12. NetChoice. (2026). NetChoice v. Bonta. link B Moderate
  13. EPB. (2021, January 21). New economic study documents $2.69 billion in benefit from Chattanooga's community fiber optic network [Press release]. link D Contested
Albert Einstein (7)
Michael Faraday (2)
  1. Royal Institution: Michael Faraday H2 Institutional or reference
  2. MacTutor: Faraday biography H2 Institutional or reference
Marie Curie (3)
Srinivasa Ramanujan (2)
  1. IMA: Ramanujan centenary H2 Institutional or reference
  2. U.S. Naval Academy: Srinivasa Ramanujan H2 Institutional or reference
Jonas Salk (3)
Norman Borlaug (3)
Katalin Karikó (3)
  1. CNBC: Karikó demoted four times H3 Journalism or recollection
  2. Times Higher Education: Karikó's Nobel H3 Journalism or recollection
  3. MedicalBrief: Researcher demoted by university wins Nobel H3 Journalism or recollection
Tu Youyou (6)
Percy Julian (6)
Ignaz Semmelweis (3)
  1. Britannica: Ignaz Semmelweis H2 Institutional or reference
  2. Science History Institute: Ignaz Semmelweis H2 Institutional or reference
  3. EBSCO Research Starters: Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis H2 Institutional or reference
Mary Wollstonecraft (5)
Baruch Spinoza (3)
  1. Nadler, S. (2001, revised 2023). Baruch Spinoza. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy H2 Institutional or reference
  2. Cartwright, M. (2024). Baruch Spinoza. World History Encyclopedia H2 Institutional or reference
  3. UC Davis course notes: Spinoza (Mattey, 2004) H3 Journalism or recollection: used only for the year of the 1674 ban
Phillis Wheatley (5)
Ludwig van Beethoven (4)
  1. Beethoven-Haus Bonn: Annuity contract, 1 March 1809 H1 Primary or scholarly: annuity contract
  2. ADLM press release: Beethoven had lead poisoning but it did not kill him (2024) H2 Institutional or reference
  3. NPR via MPR News: Beethoven's hair and lead exposure (2024) H3 Journalism or recollection: used only for the timeline of Beethoven's hearing loss
  4. Classic FM: Beethoven hair analysis and the cause of his deafness (2024) H3 Journalism or recollection: used only for the timeline of Beethoven's hearing loss
Benjamin Franklin (15)
  1. Franklin, B. Autobiography, schooling and apprenticeship (ushistory.org transcription) H1 Primary or scholarly: for his own account
  2. Franklin, B. Autobiography, chapter XVIII: scientific experiments (Owl Eyes) H1 Primary or scholarly: for his own account
  3. Founders Online (National Archives): An Account of the New Invented Pennsylvanian Fire-Places, 1744 H1 Primary or scholarly: 1744 fireplace pamphlet
  4. Britannica: Benjamin Franklin (Gordon S. Wood, updated September 2026) H2 Institutional or reference
  5. Library Company of Philadelphia: History H2 Institutional or reference
  6. Library Company of Philadelphia: The Junto H2 Institutional or reference
  7. University of Pennsylvania: Penn's heritage H2 Institutional or reference
  8. Massachusetts Historical Society: Letter from Benjamin Franklin to John Franklin, 1750 H2 Institutional or reference
  9. British Library: Early American science (republished by Brewminate) H2 Institutional or reference
  10. IEEE Engineering and Technology History Wiki: Experiments and Observations on Electricity milestone H2 Institutional or reference
  11. National Archives: Benjamin Franklin's anti-slavery petitions to Congress H2 Institutional or reference
  12. National Park Service: Franklin Court (Invisible Architects tour) H2 Institutional or reference
  13. Papers of Abraham Lincoln: Franklin, Benjamin H2 Institutional or reference
  14. SUNY Empire American literature anthology: Franklin introduction (Lumen Learning) H3 Journalism or recollection: used only for Governor Keith's broken promise to Franklin
  15. Franklin, B. Autobiography, return to Philadelphia in 1726 and work at Keimer's printing house (ushistory.org transcription)
Gregor Mendel (10)
George Washington Carver (9)
Yuan Longping (13)
  1. Yuan, L. (narrator), and Xin, Y. (compiler). The Oral Autobiography of Yuan Longping (Yuan Longping koushu zizhuan). Hunan Education Press. Excerpt published by Huxiu (2021, in Chinese) H1 Primary or scholarly: for his own account
  2. Yuan, L. (2004). Hybrid rice technology for food security in the world. FAO Rice Conference proceedings H1 Primary or scholarly: for his own account
  3. Gao, J.-G., & Zhu, X.-G. (2023). The legacies of the "Father of Hybrid Rice" and the seven representative achievements of Chinese rice research: A pioneering perspective towards sustainable development. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1087768 H1 Primary or scholarly
  4. Schmalzer, S. (2017). Yuan Longping, hybrid rice, and the meaning of science in the Cultural Revolution and beyond. Endeavour, 41(3), 94-101 H1 Primary or scholarly
  5. IRRI (2019, November 5). Hybrid rice review: updating notions about hybrid rice H2 Institutional or reference
  6. Wu, S. X. (2021). Yuan Longping (1930-2021): Crop scientist whose high-yield hybrid rice fed billions. Nature, 595, 26 H2 Institutional or reference
  7. Huang, Z., Xin, Y., Lv, Q., & Zhu, L. (2022). In memoriam of the father of hybrid rice: Prof. Yuan Longping (1930-2021). Scientia Agricola, 79(4), obituary H2 Institutional or reference: an obituary rather than peer-reviewed research
  8. Chinese University of Hong Kong (2001): honorary degree citation, Yuan Longping, 57th Congregation H2 Institutional or reference
  9. Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2021): Towards next-generation rice H2 Institutional or reference
  10. Wu, S. X. (2021), reposted by G. Concepcion (2022). Yuan Longping (1930-2021). Hybrid Rice Development Consortium, IRRI (duplicate of the Nature obituary above) H2 Institutional or reference: repost of the Nature obituary
  11. 12371.cn: 1973, breaking through hybrid rice (2021, in Chinese) H3 Journalism or recollection: used only for names and dates in Yuan's team history
  12. China News Service: Yuan Longping's years in Sanya (2021, in Chinese) H3 Journalism or recollection: used only for names and dates in Yuan's team history
  13. China Economic Weekly, People's Daily: The 1976 promotion of hybrid rice (2009, in Chinese) H3 Journalism or recollection: used only for names and dates in Yuan's team history
Mary Engle Pennington (9)
Fritz Haber (8)
Nikolai Vavilov (9)
Sources used in the strength ratings (1)